OTC : IDKOY

Idemitsu Kosan Co.,Ltd.

$15.37 USD

-$0.9 (-5.53%)

Volume
100
Average Volume
2.06K
Market Capitalization
$9.21B
P/E Ratio
9.21
Dividend Yield
2.79%
Price Target
Year High
$21.05
Year Low
$12.30
Day High
Day Low
Payout Ratio
$0.00
Current Ratio
$1.26
IDKOY Financial Statements
date 2026-03-31 2025-03-31 2024-03-31 2023-03-31 2022-03-31 2021-03-31 2020-03-31 2019-03-31 2018-03-31 2017-03-31
revenue 8.59T 9.19T 8.72T 9.46T 6.69T 4.56T 6.05T 4.43T 3.73T 3.19T
costOfRevenue 7.79T 8.5T 7.87T 8.66T 5.8T 4T 5.63T 3.94T 3.24T 2.77T
grossProfit 799.99B 689.41B 847.12B 794.02B 884.18B 559.03B 413.19B 487.7B 493.88B 419.49B
researchAndDevelopmentExpenses - - 28.82B 23.64B 26.02B 20.47B 19.44B 15.54B 13.97B 13.13B
generalAndAdministrativeExpenses - 415.62B 398.59B 350.16B 346.47B 322.58B 315.49B 238.97B 212.85B 208.49B
sellingAndMarketingExpenses - 111.6B 102.22B 107.69B 103.25B 96.39B 101.56B 69.4B 65.74B 62.63B
sellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpenses 574.98B 527.23B 500.8B 457.85B 449.72B 418.96B 417.05B 308.37B 278.59B 271.12B
otherExpenses - 2M -28.82B 30.09B -26.02B -20.47B -19.44B 1.02B -3M -832M
operatingExpenses 574.98B 527.23B 500.8B 511.58B 449.72B 418.96B 417.05B 308.37B 292.56B 284.25B
costAndExpenses 8.37T 9.03T 8.37T 9.17T 6.25T 4.42T 6.05T 4.25T 3.53T 3.06T
netInterestIncome 581.05M 354M -4.22B -10.4B -2.12B -2.05B -2.22B -1.79B -5.03B -6.7B
interestIncome 19.76B 17.08B 16.03B 4.88B 9.08B 9.94B 10.83B 6.86B 4.62B 2.56B
interestExpense 19.18B 16.73B 20.25B 15.29B 11.21B 11.98B 13.05B 8.65B 9.66B 9.26B
depreciationAndAmortization 111.31B 105.07B 108.56B 113.91B 114.28B 107.79B 104.61B 62.71B 68.91B 71.32B
ebitda 336.31B 280.17B 455.57B 396.36B 548.73B 247.85B 100.44B 216.06B 270.24B 206.55B
ebit 225B 175.09B 347.01B 282.44B 434.45B 140.06B -4.18B 153.35B 221.82B 132.27B
nonOperatingIncomeExcludingInterest - -12.91B -691M -1M -1M -2M 317M 25.97B -20.5B 2.97B
operatingIncome 225B 162.18B 346.32B 282.44B 434.45B 140.06B -3.86B 179.32B 201.32B 135.23B
totalOtherIncomeExpensesNet 10.53B -3.82B -19.56B 65.83B -46.39B -75.48B -13.37B -34.62B 10.84B -12.23B
incomeBeforeTax 235.53B 158.36B 326.75B 348.27B 388.06B 64.58B -17.23B 144.7B 212.16B 123.01B
incomeTaxExpense 60.47B 56.35B 99.91B 97.49B 111.26B 29.34B 3.56B 57.92B 45.36B 32.48B
netIncomeFromContinuingOperations 175.06B 102.01B 226.84B 250.78B 276.8B 35.24B -20.79B 86.78B 166.81B 90.52B
netIncomeFromDiscontinuedOperations - - - - - - - - - -
otherAdjustmentsToNetIncome -1.06M - - - -1M - - -1M -1M -1M
netIncome 182.28B 104.06B 228.52B 253.65B 279.5B 34.92B -22.94B 81.45B 162.31B 88.16B
netIncomeDeductions - - - - - - - - - -
bottomLineNetIncome 182.28B 104.06B 228.52B 253.65B 279.5B 34.92B -22.94B 81.45B 162.31B 88.16B
eps 297.2 155.66 322.64 341.34 376.06 46.98 -30.52 117.14 1690.34 1102.38
date 2026-03-31 2025-03-31 2024-03-31 2023-03-31 2022-03-31 2021-03-31 2020-03-31 2019-03-31 2018-03-31 2017-03-31
cashAndCashEquivalents 213.23B 165.76B 139.32B 105.19B 140.28B 131.34B 132.25B 91.85B 88.42B 91.42B
shortTermInvestments - - - - - - - - - -
cashAndShortTermInvestments 213.23B 165.76B 139.32B 105.19B 140.28B 131.34B 132.25B 91.85B 88.42B 91.42B
netReceivables 1.19T 1.12T 1.23T 1.16T 1.11T 601.14B 591.96B 452.22B 485.75B 324.77B
accountsReceivables 841.88B 817.35B 919.01B 841.8B 870.48B 601.14B 591.96B 452.22B 485.75B 324.77B
otherReceivables 343.51B 298.78B 308.13B 319.48B 242.86B - - - - -
inventory 1.38T 1.27T 1.38T 1.31T 1.06T 694.52B 622.9B 586.56B 535.64B 430.86B
prepaids - - - - - - - - - -
otherCurrentAssets 198.39B 101.02B 172.51B 157.02B 54.26B 238.51B 203.19B 94.8B 113.15B 112.71B
totalCurrentAssets 2.98T 2.65T 2.92T 2.73T 2.37T 1.67T 1.55T 1.23T 1.22T 959.77B
propertyPlantEquipmentNet 1.53T 1.37T 1.36T 1.39T 1.44T 1.52T 1.48T 992.03B 1.01T 1.02T
goodwill 130.34B 124.35B 131.23B 140.48B 149.69B 159.01B 167.1B 7.21B 6.72B 7.62B
intangibleAssets 130.99B 130.23B 140.8B 149.75B 158.94B 160.24B 165B 17.54B 14.04B 14.5B
goodwillAndIntangibleAssets 261.33B 254.58B 272.03B 290.23B 308.63B 319.25B 332.11B 24.75B 20.77B 22.12B
longTermInvestments 381.21B 424.69B 402.91B 413.68B 463.76B 389.04B 408.31B 516.66B 504.61B 474.66B
taxAssets 17.67B 15.95B 14.41B 15.42B 10.6B 21.02B 38.29B 56.62B 50.07B 57.19B
otherNonCurrentAssets 183.04B 56.49B 57.93B 23.94B 12.3B 37.72B 79.82B 74.81B 115.07B 105.8B
totalNonCurrentAssets 2.37T 2.13T 2.1T 2.13T 2.23T 2.29T 2.34T 1.66T 1.7T 1.68T
otherAssets - 6M 6M 6M 6M 6M 7M 7M 6M 6M
totalAssets 5.35T 4.78T 5.01T 4.87T 4.6T 3.95T 3.89T 2.89T 2.92T 2.64T
totalPayables 905.21B 1.26T 1.33T 697.31B 840.83B 530.7B 475.66B 399.18B 429.55B 331.6B
accountPayables 856.35B 824.41B 793.76B 697.31B 840.83B 530.7B 475.66B 399.18B 429.55B 331.6B
otherPayables 48.86B 436.11B 536.72B - - - - - - -
accruedExpenses 17.46B 111.72M 16.68B 17.12B 13.94B 11.39B 9.91B 8.17B 8.11B 8.25B
shortTermDebt 771.52B 676.5B 679.39B 788.68B 616.04B 542.31B 655.56B 368.72B 305.87B 471.57B
capitalLeaseObligationsCurrent - - -63.33B -475.29B -444.77B - -365.09B -344.37B -332.18B -255.09B
taxPayables - 9.79B 56.94B 67.98B 39.91B 18.42B 11.56B 30.63B 27.54B 14.53B
deferredRevenue - - - 475.29B 444.77B 436.7B 365.09B 344.37B 332.18B 255.09B
otherCurrentLiabilities 667.42B 160.39B 229.28B 660.87B 590.45B 100.18B 507.28B 75.37B 87B 78.46B
totalCurrentLiabilities 2.36T 2.1T 2.19T 2.16T 2.06T 1.62T 1.65T 1.2T 1.16T 1.14T
longTermDebt 596.66B 519.88B 619.06B 669.23B 720.77B 737.47B 648.13B 581.17B 586.17B 579.12B
capitalLeaseObligationsNonCurrent - - - - - - - - - -
deferredRevenueNonCurrent - - 37.83B 175.93B 184.09B 200.08B 193.81B 101.88B 90.26B 121.58B
deferredTaxLiabilitiesNonCurrent 154B 146.05B 124.25B 121.66B 118.68B 94.64B 101.61B 895.96M 98.9B 103.92B
otherNonCurrentLiabilities 280.07B 274.55B 226.12B 105.26B 79.86B 85.84B 94.4B 132.53B 75.17B 72.11B
totalNonCurrentLiabilities 1.03T 940.48B 1.01T 1.07T 1.1T 1.12T 1.04T 815.58B 851.62B 876.72B
otherLiabilities - - -1M - - - - - - -
capitalLeaseObligations - - -63.33B -475.29B -444.77B - -365.09B -344.37B -332.18B -255.09B
totalLiabilities 3.39T 3.04T 3.2T 3.24T 3.16T 2.74T 2.69T 2.01T 2.01T 2.02T
treasuryStock -69.08B -139.69B -11.01B -14.79B -1.88B -2.01B -2.04B -56.02B -133M -131M
preferredStock - - - - - - - - - -
commonStock 169.08B 168.35B 168.35B 168.35B 168.35B 168.35B 168.35B 168.35B 168.35B 108.61B
retainedEarnings 1.25T 1.11T 1.04T 848.91B 645.33B 400.58B 408.06B 466.75B 403.74B 249.55B
additionalPaidInCapital 279.46B 354.69B 390.34B 451.64B 460.51B 461.64B 461.64B 130.88B 130.88B 71.13B
date 2026-03-31 2025-03-31 2024-03-31 2023-03-31 2022-03-31 2021-03-31 2020-03-31 2019-03-31 2018-03-31 2017-03-31
netIncome 182.28B 158.36B 326.75B 348.27B 388.06B 64.58B -17.23B 144.7B 212.16B 123.01B
depreciationAndAmortization 111.31B 105.07B 108.56B 113.91B 114.28B 107.79B 104.61B 62.71B 68.91B 71.32B
deferredIncomeTax - - - - - - - - - -
stockBasedCompensation - - - - - - - - - -
changeInWorkingCapital 99.1B 222.15B 89.11B -291.22B -410.22B -30.97B -47.32B -33.57B -110.94B -136.27B
accountsReceivables 86.12B 162.7B -40.16B 61.36B -250.35B -19.8B 111.78B 26.74B -163.88B -80.05B
inventory 46.66B 134.47B -58.98B -99.61B -354.27B -82.78B 212.59B -53.42B -105.56B -70.62B
accountsPayables -35.61B - 80.25B -171.19B 290.74B 63.9B -210.46B -25.7B 97.59B 42.41B
otherWorkingCapital 1.93B -75.02B 108B -81.78B -96.34B 7.71B -161.23B 18.81B -5.38B -65.65B
otherNonCashItems 23.41B -8.84B -147.03B -203.8B 53.99B 29.07B -72.78B -22.83B -33.37B -4.51B
netCashProvidedByOperatingActivities 416.1B 476.74B 377.39B -32.84B 146.11B 170.47B -32.71B 151.02B 136.76B 53.54B
investmentsInPropertyPlantAndEquipment -176.93B -86.55B -70.86B -90.48B -107.45B -132.83B -130.19B -81.2B -59.24B -43.42B
acquisitionsNet -4.96B -13.6B 33.19B 555M -1.1B -4.03B -7.56B -3.08B -13.37B -1.61B
purchasesOfInvestments -64.6B -29.66B -15.58B -2.07B -9.46B -1.84B -2.12B -6.57B -1.76B -162.01B
salesMaturitiesOfInvestments 5.57B 214M 8.08B 30.82B 5.49B 2.54B 5.8B -16.97B -15.07B 3.92B
otherInvestingActivities -51.44B 11.08B -20.64B 131.25B 893M 26.3B -386M -14.46B -454M -11.7B
netCashProvidedByInvestingActivities -292.35B -118.51B -65.8B 70.08B -111.63B -109.85B -134.46B -122.28B -89.89B -214.82B
netDebtIssuance -64.77B -130.12B -176.08B -78.62B -9.14B -15.26B 45.8B 58.16B 3.74B 146.6B
longTermNetDebtIssuance 80.17B -82.2B -76.01B -78.62B -9.14B 36.59B 45.8B -24.74B 3.74B -61.81B
shortTermNetDebtIssuance -144.93B -47.92B -100.07B - - -51.85B - 82.9B - 208.41B
netStockIssuance -2.45B -165.18B -57.36B -12.77B 125M 34M -13.16B -55.89B 118.62B -
netCommonStockIssuance -2.45B -165.18B -57.25B -12.77B 125M 34M -13.16B -55.89B 118.62B -
commonStockIssuance - 136M 113M 319M 158M 59M 4M - 118.62B -
commonStockRepurchased -2.45B -165.32B -57.36B -13.09B -33M -25M -13.16B -55.89B -1M -
netPreferredStockIssuance - - -113M - - - -4M - - -
netDividendsPaid -46.86B -46.14B -40.22B -50.63B -35.74B -41.7B -55.67B -18.46B -12.32B -8B
commonDividendsPaid -46.86B -46.14B -40.22B -50.63B -35.74B -41.7B -55.67B -18.46B -12.32B -8B
preferredDividendsPaid - - - - - - 21.65B - - -
otherFinancingActivities -14.04B -2.01B -6.85B 51.61B 14.76B 696M 180.95B -3.96B -161.96B -2.46B
netCashProvidedByFinancingActivities -128.12B -343.45B -280.51B -90.42B -30B -56.23B 157.91B -20.15B -51.92B 136.14B
date 2026-03-31 2025-12-31 2025-09-30 2025-06-30 2025-03-31 2024-12-31 2024-09-30 2024-06-30 2024-03-31 2023-12-31
revenue 2.2T 2.18T 2T 1.84T 2.31T 2.37T 2.24T 2.26T 2.32T 2.38T
costOfRevenue 1.87T 2.03T 1.81T 12.03B 2.13T 2.21T 2.14T 2.01T 2.13T 2.16T
grossProfit 329.01B 150.07B 182.52B 723.95M 182.32B 161.15B 100.42B 245.53B 187.78B 218.52B
researchAndDevelopmentExpenses - - - - - - - - 6.52B 9.2B
generalAndAdministrativeExpenses - - - - 31.8B - - - 26.43B -
sellingAndMarketingExpenses - - - - 111.6B - - - 102.22B -
sellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpenses 150.28B 139.02B 134.85B 125.62B 143.41B 135.2B 125.6B 123.02B 128.64B 118.54B
otherExpenses - - - -124.75B 2M -2M 1M 1M - -
operatingExpenses 150.28B 139.02B 134.85B 869.39M 143.41B 135.2B 125.6B 123.02B 135.16B 127.74B
costAndExpenses 2.02T 2.17T 1.95T 1.86T 2.27T 2.35T 2.27T 2.14T 2.26T 2.29T
netInterestIncome -518.35M -238.22M 849.56M 2.54B 2.9B 1.84B -49M -1.19B 208M -541M
interestIncome 4.58B 4.73B 4.86B 2.54B 2.9B 1.84B 20.77M 2.88B 6.04B 4.15B
interestExpense 5.1B 4.97B 4.01B 29.44M 32.63M 21.07M 49M 4.08B 5.83B 4.69B
depreciationAndAmortization 28.37B 27.13B 25.77B 25.15B 26.27B 27.14B 25.97B 27.14B 27.14B 28.48B
ebitda 207.1B 38.18B 76.51B 4.14B 65.18B 53.08B 793M 149.65B 79.76B 119.26B
ebit 178.74B 11.04B 50.74B -21.02B 38.91B 25.94B -25.18B 122.51B 26.44B 90.78B
nonOperatingIncomeExcludingInterest - - -3.06B -142.56M -2M 2M -1M -1M 26.18B -30.6B
operatingIncome 178.74B 11.04B 47.68B -145.44M 38.91B 25.94B -25.18B 122.51B 52.62B 90.78B
totalOtherIncomeExpensesNet -17.96B 12.37B -947M 113.11M -47.45B 10.19B 19.73B 13.7B -51.19B 6.74B
incomeBeforeTax 160.78B 23.41B 46.73B -32.33M -8.54B 36.13B -5.45B 136.22B 1.43B 97.52B
incomeTaxExpense 42.21B 9.72B 15.7B -64.95M 15.63B 8.64B -9.49B 41.57B 12.42B 23.67B
netIncomeFromContinuingOperations 118.57B 13.69B 31.03B 4.71B -24.16B 27.49B 4.04B 94.64B -10.99B 73.84B
netIncomeFromDiscontinuedOperations - - - - - - - - - -
otherAdjustmentsToNetIncome -1.02M 1.02M - - - - - - - -
netIncome 121.53B 16.8B 31.37B 5.24B -23.4B 28.01B 4.42B 95.02B -10.57B 74.14B
netIncomeDeductions - 1.02M -1M - - - - - - -
bottomLineNetIncome 121.53B 16.8B 31.37B 5.24B -23.4B 28.01B 4.42B 95.02B -10.57B 74.14B
eps 198.12 26.66 52 8.56 -36.04 42.32 6.54 138.48 -15.2 105.6
date 2026-03-31 2025-12-31 2025-09-30 2025-06-30 2025-03-31 2024-12-31 2024-09-30 2024-06-30 2024-03-31 2023-12-31
cashAndCashEquivalents 213.23B 240.06B 122.16B 126.2B 165.76B 188.48B 31.63B 133.39B 136.9B 192.27B
shortTermInvestments - - 10.32M - - - - - 2.42B -
cashAndShortTermInvestments 213.23B 240.06B 122.16B 126.2B 165.76B 188.48B 31.63B 133.39B 139.32B 192.27B
netReceivables 1.19T 1.23T 971.35B 595.51B 1.12T 950.45B 1.04T 856.86B 912.42B 948.67B
accountsReceivables 841.88B 913.12B 699.98B 595.51B 817.35B 950.45B 767.78B 856.86B 912.42B 948.67B
otherReceivables 343.51B 319.94B 271.37B - 298.78B - 273.62B - - -
inventory 1.38T 1.31T 1.15T 1.14T 1.27T 1.32T 1.31T 1.38T 1.38T 1.49T
prepaids - - - - - - - - - -
otherCurrentAssets 198.39B 140.65B 131.49B 378.89B 101.02B 537.06B 149.4B 535.45B 487.24B 500.03B
totalCurrentAssets 2.98T 2.93T 2.37T 2.24T 2.65T 3T 2.53T 2.91T 2.92T 3.13T
propertyPlantEquipmentNet 1.53T 1.51T 1.39T 1.38T 1.37T 1.38T 1.39T 1.38T 1.36T 1.38T
goodwill 130.34B 131.73B 132.98B 134.9B 124.35B 126.68B 126.56B 129B 131.23B 133.59B
intangibleAssets 130.99B 126.53B 126.84B 127.86B 130.23B 134.74B 137.36B 138.56B 140.8B 141.82B
goodwillAndIntangibleAssets 261.33B 258.26B 259.82B 262.76B 254.58B 261.42B 263.91B 267.56B 272.03B 275.41B
longTermInvestments 381.21B 339.1B 2.04B 297.98B 424.69B 312.21B 498.08B 281.53B 274.6B 276.17B
taxAssets 17.67B - - - 15.95B - - - 14.41B -
otherNonCurrentAssets 183.04B 227.51B 500.85B 203.66B 56.49B 194.03B -1M 189.88B 171.83B 215.48B
totalNonCurrentAssets 2.37T 2.34T 2.15T 2.15T 2.13T 2.15T 2.15T 2.12T 2.1T 2.15T
otherAssets - - 3M 1 6M - 3M - 6M 1M
totalAssets 5.35T 5.26T 4.53T 4.39T 4.78T 5.15T 4.69T 5.03T 5.01T 5.27T
totalPayables 905.21B 719.92B 959.6B 522.14B 1.26T 915.16B 1.12T 824.08B 1.33T 862.18B
accountPayables 856.35B 708.13B 604.95B 522.14B 824.41B 915.16B 732.76B 824.08B 793.76B 862.18B
otherPayables 48.86B 11.78B 354.65B - 436.11B - 387.46B - 536.72B -
accruedExpenses 17.46B 8.74B 98.7M 7.3B 111.72M 9.46B 109.6M 8.08B 16.68B 8.08B
shortTermDebt 771.52B 1.02T 676.51B 703.37B 676.5B 807.22B 562.1B 564.52B 679.39B 752.33B
capitalLeaseObligationsCurrent - - - - - - - - - -
taxPayables - - 10.57B - 9.79B - 18.37B 49.38B 56.94B 52.35B
deferredRevenue - - - - - - - - 56.94B 52.35B
otherCurrentLiabilities 667.42B 686.34B 160.75B 520.81B 160.39B 639.85B 173.5B 690.38B 109.01B 692.74B
totalCurrentLiabilities 2.36T 2.43T 1.8T 1.75T 2.1T 2.37T 1.86T 2.09T 2.19T 2.37T
longTermDebt 596.66B 584.29B 548.33B 517.27B 519.88B 529.31B 537.23B 621.82B 619.06B 674.58B
capitalLeaseObligationsNonCurrent - - - - - - - - - -
deferredRevenueNonCurrent - - - - - - - - 37.83B -
deferredTaxLiabilitiesNonCurrent 154B - - - 146.05B - - - 124.25B -
otherNonCurrentLiabilities 280.07B 450.56B 430.19B 413.75B 274.55B 386.28B 409.75B 400.38B 226.12B 398.72B
totalNonCurrentLiabilities 1.03T 1.03T 978.51B 931.02B 940.48B 915.58B 946.99B 1.02T 1.01T 1.07T
otherLiabilities - - - - - - - - - -
capitalLeaseObligations - - - - - - - - - -
totalLiabilities 3.39T 3.47T 2.78T 2.68T 3.04T 3.29T 2.8T 3.11T 3.2T 3.44T
treasuryStock -69.08B -66.52B -66.48B -66.48B -139.69B -82.6B -58.94B -28.52B -11.01B -57.43B
preferredStock - - - - - - - - - -
commonStock 169.08B 168.47B 168.35B 168.35B 168.35B 168.35B 168.35B 168.35B 168.35B 168.35B
retainedEarnings 1.25T 1.12T 1.13T 1.1T 1.11T 1.13T 1.12T 1.12T 1.04T 1.05T
additionalPaidInCapital 279.46B 279.18B 280.73B 280.73B 354.69B 391.19B 390.25B 390.25B 390.34B 451.37B
date 2026-03-31 2025-12-31 2025-09-30 2025-06-30 2025-03-31 2024-12-31 2024-09-30 2024-06-30 2024-03-31 2023-12-31
netIncome 119.34B 16.5B 30.83B 5.24B -23.4B 28.01B 4.42B 95.02B -10.57B 74.14B
depreciationAndAmortization - - - - - - - - - 27.29B
deferredIncomeTax - - - - - - - - - -
stockBasedCompensation - - - - - - - - - -
changeInWorkingCapital - - - - - - - - - -
accountsReceivables - - - - - - - - - -
inventory - - - - - - - - - -
accountsPayables - - - - - - - - - -
otherWorkingCapital - - - - - - - - - -
otherNonCashItems -119.34B -16.5B -30.83B -5.24B 23.4B -28.01B -4.42B -95.02B 10.57B -46.85B
netCashProvidedByOperatingActivities - - - - - - - - - 54.57B
investmentsInPropertyPlantAndEquipment - - - - - - - - - -
acquisitionsNet - - - - - - - - - -
purchasesOfInvestments - - - - - - - - - -
salesMaturitiesOfInvestments - - - - - - - - - -
otherInvestingActivities - - - - - - - - - -
netCashProvidedByInvestingActivities - - - - - - - - - -
netDebtIssuance - - - - - - - - - -
longTermNetDebtIssuance - - - - - - - - - -
shortTermNetDebtIssuance - - - - - - - - - -
netStockIssuance - - - - - - - - - -
netCommonStockIssuance - - - - - - - - - -
commonStockIssuance - - - - - - - - - -
commonStockRepurchased - - - - - - - - - -
netPreferredStockIssuance - - - - - - - - - -
netDividendsPaid - - - - - - - - - -
commonDividendsPaid - - - - - - - - - -
preferredDividendsPaid - - - - - - - - - -
otherFinancingActivities - - - - - - - - - -
netCashProvidedByFinancingActivities - - - - - - - - - -